CALEA

A U.S. law requiring telecommunications infrastructure to support lawful interception.

Spear phishing

Phishing prepared for a specific person or organization. It feels more believable because it uses real context.

Clipper Chip

A U.S. proposal for an encryption chip with a mandatory path for government access to keys.

Cookie

A small piece of data stored in the browser. A site can use it to remember login, settings, or a tracking identifier.

Crypto Wars

The long-running political and legal fight over whether strong encryption should be freely available or controlled by governments.

curl

A command-line tool for downloading or sending data over the network.