{"id":929,"date":"2018-12-07T16:44:30","date_gmt":"2018-12-07T14:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zaskolit.cz\/?p=929"},"modified":"2018-12-10T23:23:20","modified_gmt":"2018-12-10T21:23:20","slug":"hackeri-se-dostali-ke-150-emailovym-schrankam-mz-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/hackeri-se-dostali-ke-150-emailovym-schrankam-mz-cr\/","title":{"rendered":"Hacke\u0159i se dostali ke 150 emailov\u00fdm schr\u00e1nk\u00e1m MZ \u010cR"},"content":{"rendered":"

7. 12. 2018<\/p>\n

BIS vydala v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu za rok 2018, ve kter\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnila informace o \u00fatoc\u00edch rusk\u00fdch hacker\u016f na emailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky Ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed \u010cR. \u0160lo o dva (podle BIS) na sob\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u00fatoky. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo o kompromitaci 150 emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek MZ, ze kter\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci opakovan\u011b kop\u00edrovali zpr\u00e1vy i s p\u0159\u00edlohami. Zp\u016fsob \u00fatoku zpr\u00e1va nezmi\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd \u00fatok byl proveden technikou brute force* (hrub\u00e1 s\u00edla) a ze zpr\u00e1vy nen\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e9, zda byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le zpr\u00e1va zmi\u0148uje kompromitace n\u011bkolika soukrom\u00fdch emailov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch osob\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s Ministerstvem obrany (MO) a Arm\u00e1dou \u010cR (A\u010cR) a kompromitace IP adresy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed
\nMO \u010cR\/A\u010cR malwarem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pod n\u00e1zvem X-Agent**.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2017 BIS z\u00edskala informaci o nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m zabezpe\u010den\u00ed webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu jin\u00e9ho z \u010desk\u00fdch ministerstev. Na subdom\u00e9n\u011b port\u00e1lu ministerstva bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed manipulace URL odkaz\u016f z\u00edskat informace o konfiguraci serveru i n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje. Webov\u00fd port\u00e1l byl tak\u00e9 zraniteln\u00fd \u00fatoky typu SQL injection***, kter\u00fdmi by mohl p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b zasahovat do datab\u00e1ze a kompromitovat nebo po\u0161kodit ulo\u017een\u00e1 data.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va BIS je ke sta\u017een\u00ed zde<\/a>, \u010d\u00e1st o kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti je citov\u00e1na n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

\n

*Brute force \u00fatok je jedin\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak prolomit jak\u00e9koliv heslo nebo \u0161ifru. Funguje tak, \u017ee se vyzkou\u0161ej\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinace znak\u016f nebo slov. Je to v\u0161ak proces velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon, p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edch heslech je prakticky nepou\u017eiteln\u00fd (prolomen\u00ed dlouh\u00e9ho hesla m\u016f\u017ee teoreticky trvat i n\u011bkolik milion\u016f let). Jako obrana proti n\u011bmu je dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 a unik\u00e1tn\u00ed heslo.<\/p>\n

**X-Agent je program pro sb\u011br a odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f na napadan\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm. Funguje na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Windows, Linux, iOS, nebo Android. Kvalitn\u00ed a aktualizovan\u00fd antivirov\u00fd program by ho m\u011bl odhalit.<\/p>\n

***SQL injection je \u00fatok, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho je \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk schopen vlo\u017eit do str\u00e1nek k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd um\u00ed \u010d\u00edst, m\u011bnit nebo mazat \u00fadaje v datab\u00e1z\u00edch. Aktualizovan\u00fd a dob\u0159e o\u0161et\u0159en\u00fd server by mu m\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit (chyby v software se mohou objevit, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u010das opravovat a aktualizovat).<\/p>\n

\n

V\u00fd\u0148atek ze zpr\u00e1vy BIS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.6.Kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost<\/strong>
\nKybernetick\u00e1 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e<\/strong>
\nRok 2017 se v oblasti kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti nesl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve znamen\u00ed kybernetick\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee v\u016f\u010di \u010cR, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem co do rozsahu i kone\u010dn\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f byla kompromitace informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (MZV), kter\u00e1 byla odhalena po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2017, av\u0161ak prob\u00edhala ji\u017e minim\u00e1ln\u011b od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho.
\nKe kompromitaci syst\u00e9mu elektronick\u00e9 po\u0161ty MZV doch\u00e1zelo nejm\u00e9n\u011b od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2016, kdy \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159istupovali do v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a kop\u00edrovali emaily v\u010detn\u011b jejich p\u0159\u00edloh. Z\u00edskali tak \u00fadaje vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro budouc\u00ed \u00fatoky i seznam dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, a to v rozsahu pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u011b prakticky v\u0161emi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi institucemi. Pozornost \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f se soust\u0159edila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na emailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f ministerstva, k jejich schr\u00e1nk\u00e1m \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159istupovali opakovan\u011b, dlouhodob\u011b a nepravideln\u011b.
\nP\u0159\u00edpad kompromitace emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek se v mnoha podstatn\u00fdch rysech shoduje s podobn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed i v jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.
\nParaleln\u011b s t\u00edmto kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edm \u00fatokem prob\u00edhal od prosince 2016 \u00fatok proti emailov\u00fdm schr\u00e1nk\u00e1m t\u00e9ho\u017e ministerstva, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci sna\u017eili o uh\u00e1dnut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f do emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek hrubou silou (tzv. brute force attack), a pokusili se tak o kompromitaci n\u011bkolika set emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek.
\nS nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed \u0161lo o dva navz\u00e1jem nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed incidenty. Z ve\u0161ker\u00fdch u\u010din\u011bn\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se jednalo o kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kampan\u011b Turla poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed od rusk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby FSB a APT28\/Sofacy, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ipisuje rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b GRU.
\nMezi nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kampan\u011b pat\u0159ila rusk\u00e1 kampa\u0148 APT28\/Sofacy. Ta nec\u00edl\u00ed jen na data samotn\u00e1, ale se st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed intenzitou se zam\u011b\u0159uje na kr\u00e1de\u017ee osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f do informa\u010dn\u00edch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le vyu\u017eity k pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sofistikovan\u00fdm spearphishingov\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm.
\nStejn\u011b jako v roce 2016 \u0161lo z\u0159ejm\u011b o nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ruskou kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kampa\u0148. APT28\/Sofacy vyu\u017e\u00edvala k \u00fatok\u016fm proti \u010desk\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm zahrani\u010dn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou infrastrukturu. V souvislosti s touto kampan\u00ed odhalila BIS n\u011bkolik \u00fatok\u016f proti \u010desk\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm, z nich\u017e k nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pat\u0159ily kompromitace n\u011bkolika soukrom\u00fdch emailov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch osob\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s Ministerstvem obrany (MO) a Arm\u00e1dou \u010cR (A\u010cR) a kompromitace IP adresy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed MO \u010cR\/A\u010cR malwarem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pod n\u00e1zvem X-Agent. A\u010dkoliv \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci t\u00edmto \u00fatokem s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed nez\u00edskali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace utajovan\u00e9 podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 412\/2005 Sb., z\u00edskali \u0159adu osobn\u00edch informac\u00ed a citliv\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le zneu\u017eity pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fatoky \u010di nelegitimn\u00ed aktivity.
\nVlna spearphishingov\u00fdch email\u016f c\u00edlila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na osoby z oblasti vojensk\u00e9 diplomacie p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Vektor i c\u00edle tohoto \u00fatoku pln\u011b odpov\u00eddaly zp\u016fsobu \u00fatoku i oblasti, na kter\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u011b c\u00edl\u00ed rusk\u00e1 kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kampa\u0148 APT28\/Sofacy. Obdobn\u00fd spearphishingov\u00fd \u00fatok sm\u011b\u0159oval tak\u00e9 na evropsk\u00e9 zbroja\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e jednoho evropsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Mimo p\u0159\u00edpady kybernetick\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee odhalila BIS rozsahy IP adres, na kter\u00fdch se nach\u00e1z\u00ed servery a dom\u00e9ny vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nebo ke kyber\u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.
\nNa za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2017 BIS z\u00edskala informaci o nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m zabezpe\u010den\u00ed webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu jin\u00e9ho z \u010desk\u00fdch ministerstev. Na subdom\u00e9n\u011b port\u00e1lu ministerstva bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed manipulace URL odkaz\u016f z\u00edskat informace o konfiguraci serveru i n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje. Webov\u00fd port\u00e1l byl tak\u00e9 zraniteln\u00fd \u00fatoky typu SQL injection, kter\u00fdmi by mohl p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b zasahovat do datab\u00e1ze a kompromitovat nebo po\u0161kodit ulo\u017een\u00e1 data. BIS neprodlen\u011b informovala p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho ministra a \u0159editele NB\u00da jako tehdej\u0161\u00edho garanta kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti v \u010cR.<\/em><\/p>\n


\nVisapoint<\/strong>
\nBIS se nad\u00e1le v\u011bnovala p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Visapoint, kter\u00fd zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00e9 v\u00edz zneu\u017e\u00edvali k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu finan\u010dn\u00edmu prosp\u011bchu. P\u0159esto\u017ee se MZV ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dodavatelem syst\u00e9mu sna\u017eilo v minulosti nedostatky odstranit a jeho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alespo\u0148 omezit, \u0159ada probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala. Funk\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu byla dlouhodob\u011b omezena, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016fm v\u00edz blokovat a n\u00e1sledn\u011b prod\u00e1vat voln\u00e9 term\u00edny pro pohovory na \u010desk\u00fdch zastupitelsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adech. To v d\u016fsledku vedlo k po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na \u010cR v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm kontextu. I kv\u016fli p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm byl provoz syst\u00e9mu v \u0159\u00edjnu 2017 ukon\u010den.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

7. 12. 2018 BIS vydala v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu za rok 2018, ve kter\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnila informace o \u00fatoc\u00edch rusk\u00fdch hacker\u016f na emailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky Ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed \u010cR. \u0160lo o dva (podle BIS) na sob\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u00fatoky. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo o kompromitaci 150 emailov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek MZ, ze kter\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci opakovan\u011b kop\u00edrovali zpr\u00e1vy i s p\u0159\u00edlohami. Zp\u016fsob \u00fatoku<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,13],"tags":[28,30,31,27,29],"class_list":["post-929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-news","tag-bis","tag-brute-force","tag-email","tag-hackeri","tag-phishing"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"\nHacke\u0159i se dostali ke 150 emailov\u00fdm schr\u00e1nk\u00e1m MZ \u010cR - DIGITAL SELF-DEFENSE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/hackeri-se-dostali-ke-150-emailovym-schrankam-mz-cr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hacke\u0159i se dostali ke 150 emailov\u00fdm schr\u00e1nk\u00e1m MZ \u010cR - 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