{"id":5065,"date":"2026-06-17T11:22:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T09:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/?page_id=5065"},"modified":"2026-06-17T11:41:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T09:41:29","slug":"slovnik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/slovnik\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    <style>\n        .dso-glossary-filter {\n            display: flex;\n            flex-wrap: wrap;\n            gap: 0.75rem;\n            align-items: end;\n            margin: 1.5rem 0;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-filter label {\n            display: flex;\n            flex-direction: column;\n            gap: 0.25rem;\n            font-weight: 600;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-filter select,\n        .dso-glossary-filter input {\n            min-width: 180px;\n            padding: 0.45rem 0.55rem;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-filter button {\n            padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem;\n            cursor: pointer;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-reset {\n            padding: 0.5rem 0;\n            display: inline-block;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-results {\n            list-style: none;\n            padding-left: 0;\n            margin-left: 0;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-results li {\n            padding: 0.8rem 0;\n            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-title {\n            font-weight: 700;\n            text-decoration: none;\n        }\n\n        .dso-glossary-excerpt {\n            margin-top: 0.3rem;\n        }\n    <\/style>\n\n    <form class=\"dso-glossary-filter\" method=\"get\">\n        <label>\n            Category            <select name=\"dso_gcat\" onchange=\"this.form.submit()\">\n                <option value=\"\">All categories<\/option>\n\n                            <\/select>\n        <\/label>\n\n        <label>\n            Sort by            <select name=\"dso_gsort\" onchange=\"this.form.submit()\">\n                <option value=\"az\"  selected='selected'>A-Z<\/option>\n                <option value=\"za\" >Z-A<\/option>\n                <option value=\"newest\" >Newest<\/option>\n                <option value=\"oldest\" >Oldest<\/option>\n            <\/select>\n        <\/label>\n\n        <label>\n            Search            <input\n                type=\"search\"\n                name=\"dso_gq\"\n                value=\"\"\n                placeholder=\"Search term...\"\n            >\n        <\/label>\n\n        <button type=\"submit\">Filter<\/button>\n\n        <a class=\"dso-glossary-reset\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/2fa\/\">\n            Reset        <\/a>\n    <\/form>\n\n            <ul class=\"dso-glossary-results\">\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/2fa\/\">\n                        2FA                    <\/a>\n\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/obnoveni-uctu\/\">\n                        Account recovery                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The process of getting account access back after losing a password, phone, or second factor.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/adi-shamir\/\">\n                        Adi Shamir                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            One of the three authors of RSA and a major cryptographer.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/aes\/\">\n                        AES                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A common standard algorithm for encrypting data. The acronym alone does not guarantee a secure product.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ai-agent\/\">\n                        AI agent                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An AI system that does not only answer, but can use tools and perform steps.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/allowlist\/\">\n                        Allowlist                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A list of explicitly allowed items, such as domains, applications or commands.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/api-klic\/\">\n                        API key                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A secret string used by an application to authenticate to an API.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/audit-log\/\">\n                        Audit log                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A record of important actions that helps determine what happened.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/autentizace\/\">\n                        Authentication                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Identity verification. A service checks whether you really are who you claim to be.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/autentizacni-aplikace\/\">\n                        Authenticator app                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A phone app that generates short one-time codes for safer login.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/autoritativni-dns-server\/\">\n                        Authoritative DNS server                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A DNS server that holds the official answers for a specific domain.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/autorizace\/\">\n                        Authorization                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The decision about what a logged-in user may see or do.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/backdoor\/\">\n                        Backdoor                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A hidden or special access path into a system that bypasses normal protection.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/base64\/\">\n                        Base64                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A way to write binary data as plain text.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bash\/\">\n                        Bash                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A common Unix shell used on Linux and servers.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bernstein-v-united-states\/\">\n                        Bernstein v. United States                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A court case about whether encryption source code can be protected as free speech.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bruce-schneier\/\">\n                        Bruce Schneier                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A well-known security expert and author writing about cryptography, trust and system security.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/brute-force-utok\/\">\n                        Brute-force attack                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Automatically trying many combinations until one works.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/calea\/\">\n                        CALEA                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A U.S. law requiring telecommunications infrastructure to support lawful interception.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/clipper-chip\/\">\n                        Clipper Chip                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A U.S. proposal for an encryption chip with a mandatory path for government access to keys.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/command-and-control\/\">\n                        Command and control                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A communication channel through which an attacker controls a compromised system.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/retezeni-prikazu\/\">\n                        Command chaining                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Connecting multiple commands so the output or result of one affects the next.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/prikazova-radka\/\">\n                        Command line                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A text interface where commands are typed for the computer.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/cookie\/\">\n                        Cookie                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A small piece of data stored in the browser. A site can use it to remember login, settings, or a tracking identifier.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/prihlasovaci-udaje\/\">\n                        Credentials                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The information used to log in to a service, usually username, email, password, code, or security key.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/crypto-wars\/\">\n                        Crypto Wars                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The long-running political and legal fight over whether strong encryption should be freely available or controlled by governments.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/curl\/\">\n                        curl                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A command-line tool for downloading or sending data over the network.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/cypherpunks\/\">\n                        Cypherpunks                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A community that promoted cryptography as a practical defense of privacy and freedom.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/daniel-j-bernstein\/\">\n                        Daniel J. Bernstein                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cryptographer and mathematician known in part for a lawsuit over cryptography export controls.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/unik-dat\/\">\n                        Data breach                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A situation where sensitive or non-public data reaches someone who should not have access.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/david-chaum\/\">\n                        David Chaum                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cryptographer associated with anonymous communication, digital cash and blind signatures.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/des\/\">\n                        DES                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An older symmetric encryption standard that became central to debates about government influence on cryptography.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/otisk-zarizeni\/\">\n                        Device fingerprinting                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Combining technical details about a device and browser into an identifier that can distinguish you from others.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/slovnikovy-utok\/\">\n                        Dictionary attack                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Trying common words, known passwords, and previously leaked combinations instead of guessing everything randomly.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/diffie-hellmanova-vymena-klicu\/\">\n                        Diffie-Hellman key exchange                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A method that lets two parties agree on a shared secret over an insecure channel.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dig\/\">\n                        dig                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A command-line tool for querying DNS.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns\/\">\n                        DNS                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The system that translates domain names into the technical addresses of servers.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-cache\/\">\n                        DNS cache                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Temporarily stored DNS answers so they do not have to be requested again each time.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-exfiltrace\/\">\n                        DNS exfiltration                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Moving data out of a system using DNS queries or responses.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-dotaz\/\">\n                        DNS lookup                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A query where a computer asks DNS for information about a domain.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-over-https\/\">\n                        DNS over HTTPS                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A way to send DNS queries over encrypted HTTPS connections.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-over-tls\/\">\n                        DNS over TLS                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A way to send DNS queries over encrypted TLS connections.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-zaznam\/\">\n                        DNS record                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            One entry in DNS that says something about a domain or subdomain.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-resolver\/\">\n                        DNS resolver                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A service or server that resolves DNS queries on behalf of the user.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dns-tunelovani\/\">\n                        DNS tunneling                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Abusing DNS to move data that does not belong in normal DNS queries.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dnssec\/\">\n                        DNSSEC                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A DNS extension that makes it possible to verify the authenticity of a DNS answer.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/domenove-jmeno\/\">\n                        Domain name                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A human-readable name for an internet service, such as a website address.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/dropper\/\">\n                        Dropper                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A program that delivers or places additional malicious code on a system.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/egress-filtering\/\">\n                        Egress filtering                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Limiting where a system is allowed to connect outward.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/electronic-frontier-foundation\/\">\n                        Electronic Frontier Foundation                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An organization defending digital rights, privacy and free expression.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sifrovana-komunikace\/\">\n                        Encrypted communication                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Communication protected by encryption so its content is not easily readable in transit.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sifrovani\/\">\n                        Encryption                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Turning data into a form that cannot be understood without the right key.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/koncove-sifrovani\/\">\n                        End-to-end encryption                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Encryption where only the sender\u2019s and recipient\u2019s devices read the message, not the server in between.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/eric-hughes\/\">\n                        Eric Hughes                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cypherpunk and author of A Cypherpunk's Manifesto.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/escrowed-encryption-standard\/\">\n                        Escrowed Encryption Standard                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A standard associated with the Clipper Chip and the idea of mandatory key escrow.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/exploit\/\">\n                        Exploit                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A concrete method, procedure, or code that abuses a vulnerability.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/exportni-omezeni-sifrovani\/\">\n                        Export controls on cryptography                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Rules that historically restricted the export of strong cryptography from a country.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/fips\/\">\n                        FIPS                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A family of U.S. federal technical standards, including some cryptographic standards.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/fips-46\/\">\n                        FIPS 46                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The standard that formally introduced DES in the United States.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ctyri-jezdci-infokalypsy\/\">\n                        Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A rhetorical list of threats used as an argument for greater control over communication.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/fqdn\/\">\n                        FQDN                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A fully qualified domain name including all parts of the domain.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/hardwarovy-bezpecnostni-klic\/\">\n                        Hardware security key                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A small physical key for safer login, often using USB, NFC, or Bluetooth.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/hardwarova-penezenka\/\">\n                        Hardware wallet                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A physical device designed to store cryptocurrencies and secret keys more safely.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/human-in-the-loop\/\">\n                        Human-in-the-loop                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A safety approach where important steps must be confirmed by a human.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ieee\/\">\n                        IEEE                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An international technical organization known for standards, conferences and professional publications.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/indikator-kompromitace\/\">\n                        Indicator of compromise                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A clue that may indicate a system has been compromised.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/poskytovatel-internetu\/\">\n                        Internet service provider                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The company you use to connect to the internet. It can see some network information about your traffic.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ip-adresa\/\">\n                        IP address                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A network address of a device or connection. Websites can use it to estimate your network or rough location.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/john-gilmore\/\">\n                        John Gilmore                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cypherpunk, programmer and co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/joseph-meyer\/\">\n                        Joseph Meyer                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A name associated with public criticism and expert debate around the DES standard.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/kerckhoffsuv-princip\/\">\n                        Kerckhoffs\u2019s principle                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The principle that encryption security should rely on the secrecy of the key, not the secrecy of the algorithm.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/key-escrow\/\">\n                        Key escrow                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A system where copies of encryption keys are held by a third party for possible later access.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/key-recovery\/\">\n                        Key recovery                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A way to regain an encryption key or access to data, often at the cost of additional risk.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/keylogger\/\">\n                        Keylogger                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A tool that records keystrokes. It can steal passwords, messages, or other sensitive data.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/lawful-access\/\">\n                        Lawful access                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A policy term for giving the state access to protected communication or data under certain conditions.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/princip-nejmensich-opravneni\/\">\n                        Least privilege                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The rule that an account or tool should have only the permissions it really needs.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/leonard-adleman\/\">\n                        Leonard Adleman                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            One of the three authors of the RSA algorithm.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/living-off-the-land\/\">\n                        Living off the land                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Using normal system tools for actions that may be malicious.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/llm\/\">\n                        LLM                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A large language model that generates text and helps with tasks from instructions.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/loader\/\">\n                        Loader                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Code that loads and runs another part of a program or attack.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ztracene-zarizeni\/\">\n                        Lost device                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A phone, laptop, or tablet you no longer control. The risk is not only local data, but also logged-in accounts.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/malware\/\">\n                        Malware                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Malicious software that can spy, steal data, damage a device, or take control.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/martin-hellman\/\">\n                        Martin Hellman                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cryptographer known for work on public keys and Diffie-Hellman key exchange.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/zaloha-zprav\/\">\n                        Message backup                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A copy of messages stored outside the active app, for example in the cloud or a file.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/metadata\/\">\n                        Metadata                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Data about communication or a file, not necessarily the content itself. For example time, sender, recipient, or location.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/nist\/\">\n                        NIST                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A U.S. standards agency that publishes technical and security standards, among other work.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/nsa\/\">\n                        NSA                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A U.S. intelligence agency focused mainly on signals intelligence and communications.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/nslookup\/\">\n                        nslookup                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An older but still used tool for DNS queries.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/obfuskace\/\">\n                        Obfuscation                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Deliberately making code or data harder to understand at first sight.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/opsec\/\">\n                        OPSEC                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Operational security: habits that reduce how much sensitive information you reveal about yourself and your plans.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/odchozi-sitovy-provoz\/\">\n                        Outbound network access                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Network connections that a system initiates outward.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/owasp-top-10\/\">\n                        OWASP Top 10                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A list of common and important web application risks, used as a map for security reviews.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/pristupova-fraze\/\">\n                        Passphrase                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A longer password made from words or a sentence. It is often easier to remember and stronger than a short complicated password.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/heslo\/\">\n                        Password                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            In general, a password is an arbitrary string of characters including letters, digits, or other symbols. If the permissible characters are constrained to be numeric, the corresponding secret is sometimes called a personal identification number (PIN).                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/spravce-hesel\/\">\n                        Password manager                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An app that securely stores passwords and helps create a different strong password for every account.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/payload\/\">\n                        Payload                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The part of an attack or program that carries the actual action or harmful content.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/payload-staging\/\">\n                        Payload staging                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A technique where a small first step is used to fetch or run the next part of an attack.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/pgp-gpg\/\">\n                        PGP \/ GPG                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Tools and standards for encrypting and signing emails or files.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/phil-zimmermann\/\">\n                        Phil Zimmermann                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The creator of PGP, which brought strong encryption to ordinary users.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/phishing\/\">\n                        Phishing                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A fake message or page that looks trustworthy and tries to get your data or money.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/pipe\/\">\n                        Pipe                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A character or mechanism that passes the output of one command into another.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/powershell\/\">\n                        PowerShell                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A command environment and scripting language used mainly on Windows.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/eskalace-opravneni\/\">\n                        Privilege escalation                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A situation where a user or attacker gains higher permissions than they should have.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/prompt-injection\/\">\n                        Prompt injection                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An attack on an AI app where user input makes the model ignore original rules or do unintended things.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/verejna-wifi\/\">\n                        Public Wi-Fi                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A shared wireless network in a caf\u00e9, hotel, train, or airport. You do not control who operates it.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/asymetricka-kryptografie\/\">\n                        Public-key cryptography                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Cryptography that uses a pair of keys: one public and one private.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ralph-merkle\/\">\n                        Ralph Merkle                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cryptographer associated with early public-key ideas and Merkle trees.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ransomware\/\">\n                        Ransomware                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A type of malware that locks or encrypts data and demands a ransom.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/obnovovaci-kod\/\">\n                        Recovery code                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A backup code used to get back into an account when you lose the usual second factor or phone.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/remote-code-execution\/\">\n                        Remote code execution                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A situation where someone can run their own code on a remote system.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ron-rivest\/\">\n                        Ron Rivest                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            One of the three authors of the RSA algorithm.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/router\/\">\n                        Router                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A device that connects a home or company network to the internet.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/rsa\/\">\n                        RSA                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A well-known public-key cryptography algorithm named after Rivest, Shamir and Adleman.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/stahovani-kodu-za-behu\/\">\n                        Runtime code download                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A situation where a program downloads more code while it is running.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sandbox\/\">\n                        Sandbox                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An isolated environment where code can run with less impact on the rest of the system.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bezpecny-messenger\/\">\n                        Secure messenger                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A messaging app designed with privacy in mind, usually with end-to-end encryption.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bezpecnostni-zaplata\/\">\n                        Security patch                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An update that fixes a security flaw or reduces the chance of abuse.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/relace\/\">\n                        Session                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The period after login when a service remembers you as a logged-in user.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/prevzeti-relace\/\">\n                        Session hijacking                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Abusing an active login so the attacker can act as the logged-in user.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/shell\/\">\n                        Shell                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A program that accepts user commands and runs them on the system.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sim-swapping\/\">\n                        SIM swapping                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An attack where someone tries to move your phone number to a SIM card they control.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/skipjack\/\">\n                        Skipjack                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The encryption algorithm used in the Clipper Chip proposal.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/socialni-inzenyrstvi\/\">\n                        Social engineering                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Manipulating people so they take an action that helps the attacker.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/cileny-phishing\/\">\n                        Spear phishing                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Phishing prepared for a specific person or organization. It feels more believable because it uses real context.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sql-injection\/\">\n                        SQL injection                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An attack on a web application where user input changes a database query.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/stager\/\">\n                        Stager                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A small first program or command that prepares the next stage.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/silna-kryptografie\/\">\n                        Strong cryptography                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Encryption that is practically unbreakable with available means when used correctly.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/subdomena\/\">\n                        Subdomain                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A part of a domain placed before the main name, such as blog.example.com.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/system-prompt\/\">\n                        System prompt                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Hidden or higher-level instructions that define how an AI assistant should behave.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/cookie-treti-strany\/\">\n                        Third-party cookie                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cookie set by an outside service embedded on the site you visit, such as an ad or analytics network.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/threat-model\/\">\n                        Threat model                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A simple plan that says what you protect, from whom, and how an attack could happen.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/tim-may\/\">\n                        Tim May                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A prominent figure in the cypherpunk movement and author of texts on crypto-anarchy.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/volani-nastroju\/\">\n                        Tool calling                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The ability of an AI system to use external tools, services or functions.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/sledovaci-pixel\/\">\n                        Tracking pixel                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An invisible or tiny element in a page or email that reports that the content was loaded.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/ttl\/\">\n                        TTL                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            The time for which a DNS answer may be kept in cache.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/txt-zaznam\/\">\n                        TXT record                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A DNS record for text data, often used for verification or service configuration.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/vibe-coding\/\">\n                        Vibe coding                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            Building an application mainly with AI tools and quick prompts, often without deep review of the result.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/vpn\/\">\n                        VPN                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A service that routes your connection through another server and usually encrypts traffic between you and that server.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/zranitelnost\/\">\n                        Vulnerability                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A weakness in an app, device, or configuration that can be abused for an attack.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/wassenaar-arrangement\/\">\n                        Wassenaar Arrangement                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            An international export control regime covering selected technologies, including some security tools.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/bezpecnostni-kontrola-webove-aplikace\/\">\n                        Web application security review                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A practical review of a web app focused on common flaws, login, permissions, sessions, and data handling.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/whitfield-diffie\/\">\n                        Whitfield Diffie                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A cryptographer associated with the birth of modern public-key cryptography.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                            <li>\n                    <a class=\"dso-glossary-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/en\/glossary\/0-day-zranitelnost\/\">\n                        Zero-day vulnerability                    <\/a>\n\n                                            <div class=\"dso-glossary-excerpt\">\n                            A vulnerability abused before a widely available fix or defense exists.                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n    \n    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5065","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.3","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glossary - DIGITAL SELF-DEFENSE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnisebeobrana.cz\/slovnik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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